Search results for " Inequality"
showing 10 items of 831 documents
Maximal function estimates and self-improvement results for Poincaré inequalities
2018
Our main result is an estimate for a sharp maximal function, which implies a Keith–Zhong type self-improvement property of Poincaré inequalities related to differentiable structures on metric measure spaces. As an application, we give structure independent representation for Sobolev norms and universality results for Sobolev spaces. peerReviewed
Interpolated measures with bounded density in metric spaces satisfying the curvature-dimension conditions of Sturm
2011
We construct geodesics in the Wasserstein space of probability measure along which all the measures have an upper bound on their density that is determined by the densities of the endpoints of the geodesic. Using these geodesics we show that a local Poincar\'e inequality and the measure contraction property follow from the Ricci curvature bounds defined by Sturm. We also show for a large class of convex functionals that a local Poincar\'e inequality is implied by the weak displacement convexity of the functional.
Effects of the Blair/Brown NHS Reforms on Socioeconomic Equity in Health Care
2012
The central objectives of the ‘Blair/Brown’ reforms of the English NHS in the 2000s were to reduce hospital waiting times and improve the quality of care. However, critics raised concerns that the choice and competition elements of reform might undermine socioeconomic equity in health care. By contrast, the architects of reform predicted that accelerated growth in NHS spending combined with increased patient choice of hospital would enhance equity for poorer patients. This paper draws together and discusses the findings of three large-scale national studies designed to shed empirical light on this issue. Study one developed methods for monitoring change in neighbourhood level socioeconomic…
National level wealth inequality and socioeconomic inequality in adolescent mental wellbeing
2020
Abstract Background Previous research established a positive association between national income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health, but little is known about the extent to which national level inequalities in accumulated financial resources (i.e. wealth) are associated with these health inequalities. Therefore, we examined the association between national wealth inequality and income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental wellbeing. Methods Data were from 17 countries participating in three successive waves (2010, 2014 and 2018) of the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. We combined individual-level data…
Gaming is related to enhanced working memory performance and task-related cortical activity
2017
Gaming experience has been suggested to lead to performance enhancements in a wide variety of working memory tasks. Previous studies have, however, mostly focused on adult expert gamers and have not included measurements of both behavioral performance and brain activity. In the current study, 167 adolescents and young adults (aged 13–24 years) with different amounts of gaming experience performed an n-back working memory task with vowels, with the sensory modality of the vowel stream switching between audition and vision at random intervals. We studied the relationship between self-reported daily gaming activity, working memory (n-back) task performance and related brain activity measured u…
Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systema…
2020
Publisher's version (útgefin grein)
COVID-19, Gender Housework Division and Municipality Size in Spain
2022
The COVID-19 health crisis brought with it an increase in the workload on family members due to the restriction of services and the suspension of formal and informal care networks. Numerous studies have analyzed how home confinement have affected different gender gaps, including the gender gap related to chores within the home. This research aims to contribute to the existing literature from the perspective of gender geography by introducing the variable municipality size in the analyses. Our research in the case of Spain shows the COVID-19 health crisis to have had a significant impact on gender gaps, albeit to varying degrees. Women, especially those living in small municipalities, experi…
Comprehensive auditory discrimination profiles recorded with a fast parametric musical multi-feature mismatch negativity paradigm
2016
Abstract Objective Mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) in response to auditory-expectancy violation, is sensitive to central auditory processing deficits associated with several clinical conditions and to auditory skills deriving from musical expertise. This sensitivity is more evident for stimuli integrated in complex sound contexts. This study tested whether increasing magnitudes of deviation (levels) entail increasing MMN amplitude (or decreasing latency), aiming to create a balanced version of the musical multi-feature paradigm towards measurement of extensive auditory discrimination profiles in auditory expertise or deficits. Methods Usi…
IQSEC2-related encephalopathy in males and females: a comparative study including 37 novel patients.
2019
Variants in IQSEC2, escaping X inactivation, cause X-linked intellectual disability with frequent epilepsy in males and females. We aimed to investigate sex-specific differences.
The long road towards cancer prevention: 4 steps backward and 8 forward
2010
At the same time andpartly as a consequence, prevalence of cancer has been risingfrom about 1.5% to 3%, especially in people of higher SES.Thus, despite better diagnoses and treatments to patients,the cancer burden is still increasing. A variety of strategieswhich integrate disease prevention policies across a widerpopulation are needed to deliver better global results: oncol-ogy might be making progress in detection and treatmentbut losing ground in prevention.This narration is not new. The ‘Europe against Cancer’ pro-gramme, which ran from 1986 to about 2002,